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    Does air pressure really affect weather?

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    • idefix37I
      idefix37 Sailor Moderator @vujacicm
      last edited by idefix37

      @vujacicm
      The average thickness of the troposphere is greater in tropical areas because the average temperature is higher than in polar areas. Heating a gas, it expands.
      The temperature difference between the intertropical zones and the polar zones is due to the angle that the sun makes to the surface of the globe, and consequently the Watts per m2. Nothing else.

      vujacicmV 1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 1
      • vujacicmV
        vujacicm @idefix37 | Premium
        last edited by

        @idefix37 What about this law? If pressure is the same and temperature increase. Then volume change.

        1000004440.png

        idefix37I 1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 0
        • idefix37I
          idefix37 Sailor Moderator @vujacicm
          last edited by idefix37

          @vujacicm
          Yes, that’s right. It is what I said more simply : Heating a gas, it expands.
          Your question was “ I still can not understand, how north pole and Pacific have the same pressure, but different temperature? Does not mean that higher is pressure, lower will be temperature? “
          Hope it’s clear now.

          vujacicmV 1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 1
          • vujacicmV
            vujacicm @idefix37 | Premium
            last edited by

            @idefix37 So we can say like this:

            Polar high:

            • high pressure
            • low temperature
            • low troposphere

            Subtropical high:

            • high pressure-
            • high temperature
            • high troposphere

            So, temperature and height of troposphere is different.

            idefix37I 1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 0
            • idefix37I
              idefix37 Sailor Moderator @vujacicm
              last edited by idefix37

              @vujacicm said in Does air pressure really affect weather?:

              So, temperature and height of troposphere is different.

              I would better say :
              At global scale, the higher the temperature is, the higher is the troposphere.

              vujacicmV 2 Replies Last reply Reply Quote 2
              • vujacicmV
                vujacicm @idefix37 | Premium
                last edited by

                @idefix37 Perfect. Now I finally understand, why 2 high pressure areas have different temperature.

                1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 0
                • vujacicmV
                  vujacicm @idefix37 | Premium
                  last edited by

                  @idefix37 I found something very good, that can explain easilly

                  Charles_and_Gay-Lussac's_Law_animated.gif

                  1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 1
                  • CaefixC
                    Caefix | Premium
                    last edited by

                    🌓 🌍 🌞 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Season

                    Equator-clouds-spring.png

                    Equator-clouds-summer.png

                    Equator-clouds-autumn.png

                    Equator-clouds-winter.png

                    The troposphere gets it´s discus-shape mainly through the centrifugal force caused by Earth´s rotation.
                    If the line of equatorial clouds (= the centre of Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)) would follow the seasons, it should be expected closer to the locations of Cuba, Emirates, Taiwan in N-summer and Rio de Janero, Madagaskar - Fidschi in N-winter.

                    WheatsW 1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 1
                    • WheatsW
                      Wheats Meteorologist @Caefix
                      last edited by

                      @Caefix This doesn't seem right.
                      The troposphere is thicker at the equator due to solar input being greater than the solar input at the poles. @vujacicm diagram shows it - as you increase temperature the air expands taking up more space. As you decrease temperature the air contracts taking up less space.

                      The tilt of the Earth and it's orbit around the Sun are what determine where that solar input is most concentrated.

                      Thermodynamically, that warm air at the equator NEEDS to make it's way to the colder poles.
                      The Coriolis Force (Earth's rotational force) helps determine the direction that equatorial air moves as it makes it's way to the poles.

                      CaefixC vujacicmV 3 Replies Last reply Reply Quote 2
                      • CaefixC
                        Caefix @Wheats | Premium
                        last edited by

                        @Wheats There´s also a vector of acceleration towards the equator balancing a centripetal vector of gravitation sucking back towards the polar vortex. Both are constants depending on latitude affecting the flow.

                        Equatorial radius
                        6378.137 km (3963.191 mi)
                        Polar radius
                        6356.752 km (3949.903 mi) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth

                        The centrifugal force even flattens the massive globe, how could oceans and atmosphere not be affected?
                        It´s just thermo-dynamic embedded in the dynamics of the rotating system.

                        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamics

                        vujacicmV 1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 0
                        • vujacicmV
                          vujacicm @Wheats | Premium
                          last edited by

                          @Wheats If I am right, then if temperature drops together with volume, then moisture will not increase. Is here then the answear, why all high pressure areas are dry, no matter of temperature?

                          WheatsW 1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 0
                          • vujacicmV
                            vujacicm @Caefix | Premium
                            last edited by vujacicm

                            @Caefix I found another thing, which is maybe very important. Different between adiabatic and isothermic. Adiabatic change pressure, isoterhmal change volume. Maybe here we can see more clear picture.

                            1000004453.jpg

                            CaefixC 1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 0
                            • CaefixC
                              Caefix @vujacicm | Premium
                              last edited by

                              @vujacicm
                              🌦 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process
                              😇 https://wissen.science-and-fun.de/tabellen-zur-chemie/dichtetabellen/dichte-trockener-luft/

                              vujacicmV 1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 0
                              • vujacicmV
                                vujacicm @Caefix | Premium
                                last edited by vujacicm

                                @Caefix Adiabatic process works in vertical way, but not in horizontal. There is isoterhmal process. The subtropics have the same pressure like polar poles, but different temperature. There process can only be isothermall. This is main difference.

                                CaefixC 1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 0
                                • CaefixC
                                  Caefix @vujacicm | Premium
                                  last edited by

                                  @vujacicm Sometimes vertical way is blocked...
                                  🏭🌫 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inversion_(meteorology)
                                  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog
                                  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulonimbus_cloud ⛈

                                  1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 1
                                  • vujacicmV
                                    vujacicm @Wheats | Premium
                                    last edited by

                                    @Wheats I think that now understand better subtropics then before. I though that desert is made because skies are clear and they rich a lot of sun. Now I see that this is not reason. Hadley cell is actually heat engine. It brings hot air from tropics to subtropics. When air reach higher troposphere, temperature drops, not heat. So heat is actually transformed like radiators in house. That's the reason, why desets are hot. In case of oceans, heat is taken by water and there temperatures are not high like in desets.

                                    The similar story is in polar cell. Polar cell is also heat engine. But when air reach the ground, all the heat is absorbed by ice.

                                    In Ferrell cell is simillar, only difference is that heat is going to north by ground, not by high troposphere.

                                    If I am not right, please fix me.

                                    WheatsW 1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 0
                                    • WheatsW
                                      Wheats Meteorologist @vujacicm
                                      last edited by Wheats

                                      @vujacicm

                                      Global circulation cells play a big roll in climate areas on Earth.
                                      You're forgetting about moisture though - lack of moisture is the reason Deserts exist. Technically, Antarctica is a desert. But lack of moisture in subtropical desert areas can be caused by the Hadley cell that circulates warm moist air at the equator northward and southward.

                                      As the warm moist air at the equator rises it expands, cools and condenses - forming clouds and eventually precipitation...This does a few things - causes low pressure, addition of water vapour to an airmass (from the ocean in this case) will actually make the air less dense, along with the increase in temperature, the air becomes more buoyant and rises - this air is destined to rise and rain itself out. As this air moves aloft (northward and southward) it eventually becomes cool enough and dry enough where it sinks towards the Earth's surface and that's essentially where you find your subtropical deserts on continents.

                                      So the Hadley cell moves that warm (because of direct heating) equator air towards the poles.
                                      The Polar cell moves that cold (because of lack of heating) polar air towards the equator.
                                      and the Ferrel Cell is the in-between that helps get it all to where it wants to go.

                                      But this is just an overall look at Global circulation cells - there is a crazy amount going on in the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and land, and if you are interested in learning more about it I would suggest taking a class or doing some online courses.
                                      These are two resources I used quite a lot before I actually went to school for this madness lol:
                                      https://www.meted.ucar.edu/index.php
                                      http://www.theweatherprediction.com/

                                      Read up and then please, correct me if I'm wrong!

                                      vujacicmV 1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 3
                                      • WheatsW
                                        Wheats Meteorologist @vujacicm
                                        last edited by

                                        @vujacicm said in Does air pressure really affect weather?:

                                        @Wheats If I am right, then if temperature drops together with volume, then moisture will not increase. Is here then the answear, why all high pressure areas are dry, no matter of temperature?

                                        High pressure and Low pressure are all about the weight of the atmosphere - how much force is that air putting on the Earth.

                                        Increasing temperature will make air relatively less dense. Increasing moisture will make air relatively less dense. This causes Low Pressure.
                                        Decreasing temperature will make air relatively more dense. Lack of moisture makes air relatively more dense. This causes High Pressure.

                                        High and Low pressure areas will have moisture, whether the weight of the atmosphere will allow the air to rise, cool, and condense is the question and there are too many variables to get into here. The main thing to consider is...in Low Pressure areas you will have air rising from the surface, in High Pressure areas you will have sinking air towards the surface.

                                        You can have Low pressure areas that have hardly any moisture, maybe they are just lower pressure because the temperature increased throughout the day. You can have High pressure areas that have plenty of moisture, but because the weight of the higher pressure air, it will resist vertical motion of the air and have a hard time creating clouds and eventually precipitation.

                                        Like Gkikas-LGPZ said, it's all relative to the surrounding air.

                                        1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 2
                                        • vujacicmV
                                          vujacicm @Wheats | Premium
                                          last edited by

                                          @Wheats I will need to read more about those things.

                                          Moisture is even more difficult to understand. When winds blow from North sea to Germany, there is rain. But when winds blow from Mediteranian sea to Egypt, there is no rain, even if Mediteranian sea is more warm then North sea.

                                          WheatsW Gkikas LGPZG 2 Replies Last reply Reply Quote 0
                                          • WheatsW
                                            Wheats Meteorologist @vujacicm
                                            last edited by

                                            @vujacicm It's all scalable spatially.
                                            Global Scale, Synoptic Scale, Mesoscale, Microscale...

                                            Global scale is like the global circulations - like Hadley cell, trade winds, that global transport of heat and moisture to the poles from the equator.
                                            Synoptic Scale is like you see on a weather chart where areas of High Pressure and Low Pressure are identified. Large scale systems, like hurricanes.
                                            Mesoscale is like thunderstorm complexes. Smaller scale things like Tornadoes.
                                            Microscale is like local effects near the ground...like a sea breeze or valley flows type of thing.

                                            and all of that interacts with each other lol

                                            vujacicmV 1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 2
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